Saturday, July 2, 2011

Logarithms and Earthquake Magnitude

M = log10 (A / Azero)
A = Azero 10M
For each unit increase in M, the amplitude increases by a factor of 10.
Empirical studies have found that:
Energy is proportional to 10(1.5M)
Consider the energy (E1) from a magnitude M and from (E2) from magnitude M+1
E2/E1 = (10(1.5M + 1.5))/( 101.5M)
E2/E1 = 101.5 = 32
Thus, for each unit increase in magnitude, the energy increases by a factor of 32.
For two units of magnitude, the increase is a factor of 103 or one thousand.

What are the actual energies involved?
The equation relating energy (E) to magnitude is:
E = 10(1.5M + 4.8) Joules

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